Within the axon hillock, materials are sorted as either items that will enter the axon (like the components of the cytoskeletal architecture of the axon, mitochondria, etc.) or will remain in the soma. A high amount of protein synthesis occurs in this region, as it contains many Nissl granules (which are ribosomes wrapped in RER) and polyribosomes. The axon hillock is a specialized domain of the neuronal cell body from which the axon originates. It has also been shown that microglial processes constantly monitor neuronal functions through somatic junctions, and exert neuroprotection when needed. In case of neurons, the soma receives a large number of inhibitory synapses, which can regulate the activity of these cells. Such transport of molecules towards and away from the soma maintains critical cell functions. Axons contain microtubule-associated motor proteins that transport protein-containing vesicles between the soma and the synapses at the axon terminals. This creates a challenge for supplying new proteins to axon endings that can be a meter or more away from the soma. In general, most proteins are produced from mRNAs that do not travel far from the cell nucleus. The nucleus is the source of most of the RNA that is produced in neurons. The cell nucleus is a key feature of the soma. The soma of a neuron (i.e., the main part of the neuron in which the dendrites branch off of) contains many organelles, including granules called Nissl granules, which are composed largely of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polyribosomes. There are many different specialized types of neurons, and their sizes vary from as small as about 5 micrometres to over 10 millimetres for some of the smallest and largest neurons of invertebrates, respectively. Although it is often used to refer to neurons, it can also refer to other cell types as well, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. In cellular neuroscience, the soma ( PL: somata or somas from Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), perikaryon ( PL: perikarya), neurocyton, or cell body is the bulbous, non-process portion of a neuron or other brain cell type, containing the cell nucleus.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |